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上期翻译答案
With interest rates close to zero and little yield to be found elsewhere, large companies, hedge funds and sovereign-wealth investorsbegan ploughingcash into startups, sending valuations upwards.
先前利率接近于零，其他领域的回报又很低，大公司、对冲基金和主权财富投资者开始把大笔资金投向创业公司，推动其估值一路走高。
《本期内容》
双语阅读
To aid consequential extinction decisions, IUCN has developed a methodology to help scientists make the best use of available data, says Akçakaya, who alsochairsthe organization’s Standards and Petitions Committee as a volunteer. Although government agencies such as USFWS make their own determinations while following the requirements laid out in specific laws or regulations, the IUCN methodology is intended to helpshepherddiscussions about whether to further invest in conserving a particular species, he adds.
为了帮助作出生物灭绝的重要结论，国际自然保护联盟的Akçakaya（该组织标准和请愿委员会的志愿者）表示，该联盟开发了一种方法来帮助科学家充分利用现有数据。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
The framework, published in 2017 and adopted into IUCN’s guidelines in 2019, infers a species’ status by combining two approaches for estimating the probability that it has died out. One approach uses so-called exhaustive surveys conducted throughout the species’ historic range during times andseasonswhen it’s expected to be present. The more surveys conducted and the wider an area searched, the higher the confidence in the assessment. The second estimates extinction probability based on the extent and severity of threats that a species faces. The more habitat loss that occurs across a missing species’ range, for example, the more likely that the species no longer exists.
在2017年发布，并于2019年被国际自然保护联盟采纳的指导框架，结合了两种评估物种灭绝可能性的方法，来推断物种的状态。一种方法是在该物种预计会出现的时间和季节，对其历史活动范围进行所谓的全面调查。开展的调查越多，搜寻的范围越广，对评估结论的信心就越高。第二种是根据一个物种面临威胁的范围以及严重程度来估计灭绝概率。例如，在消失的物种活动范围内，其栖息地损失越多，该物种就越有可能永远灭绝。
The methodology has value, according to Stuart Butchart, an ornithologist at BirdLife International who was one of the first scientists to test it. If both the threat-based and survey-based methods estimated greater than 50 percent extinction probability, the team suggested that the species be considered both “critically endangered” and “possibly extinct.” Only species with probabilities higher than 90 percent using both approaches were recommended to be categorized as extinct.
国际鸟盟的鸟类学家斯图尔特·布查特，是首批测试这种方法的科学家之一，他认为这种方法是有价值的。如果威胁度法和调查法估计灭绝概率都超过了50%，团队建议将该物种列为“极度濒危”和“可能灭绝”两类。只有用这两种方法估算的灭绝概率都高于90%的物种，才建议列为灭绝。
Although data-driven methods can aid a decision about whether to declare a species extinct, they’re not always enough to make a final call. In some cases, there simply isn’t sufficient information on a species to produce a reliable prediction, says Kelsey Neam, a conservationist with the nonprofit Re:wild. She has tested IUCN’s framework onamphibians, although she hasn’t yet used it to recommend the extinction status of a species, in part due to the dearth of information. “It’d be nice to have a lot of data for amphibians, but we don’t.”
虽然以数据为导向的方法可以帮助作出是否宣布一个物种灭绝的判断，但这些方法有时并不足以做出最终决定。非营利组织“荒野”的环保主义者凯尔西·尼姆说，在某些情况下，在某些物种身上根本没有足够的信息来做出可靠的预测。她已经在两栖动物身上测试了国际自然保护联盟的框架，不过她还没有用它来给出物种灭绝状态的建议，部分原因在于信息不足。“如果能有很多关于两栖动物的数据就好了，但我们没有。”
Whatever the level of available data, decisions ultimatelycome down tothe verdict of a jury of experts. As an assessment facilitator for IUCN’s Amphibian Specialist Group, Neam leads working groups of experts from particular regions in reviewing species’ status. “Sometimes it’s unanimous,” she says. “Everyone goes, ‘Of course, this is totally extinct.’ Other times, there’s a lot of debate.” Local experts who love the species sometimes hesitate to pronounce it gone forever, Neam says.
无论可用数据的水平如何，最终的决定都取决于专家陪审团的裁决。作为全球自然保护联盟两栖动物专家组的评估促进者，尼姆领导由来自特定地区的专家组成的工作组审查物种状况。“有时能形成一致意见，”她说。“每个人都表示，‘当然，这个物种已经完全灭绝了。’而有的时候，会存在很多争论。”尼姆说，热爱该物种的当地专家有时在宣布物种永远消失时会犹豫不决。
本文节选自：The Scientist（科学家）
发布时间：2023.3.1
作者：The Scientist
原文标题：How Do Scientists Decide a Species Has Gone Extinct?
词汇积累
1.chair
/tʃɛə/
n. 椅子; 主席，委员长
v. 主席，主持; 用椅子把某人高高抬起; 使……入座; 使就任要职
2. shepherd
/ˈʃɛpəd/
n. 牧羊人，羊倌; 牧师; 指导者
v. 牧(羊); 带领，引领，护送; (尤指精神方面)给……指导
3. season
/ˈsiːzən/
n. 季节; (某种特殊气候的)季; (某种活动或事件发生的)时期; (水果、蔬菜等的)当令期
v. 加调料，给……调味; 给……增添趣味; 使(木材)风干，晒干(木材); 变干燥
4. amphibian
/æmˈfɪbɪən/
n. 两栖动物; 水陆两用车，水陆两用飞机
adj. 两栖类的; 两栖的
词组搭配
1.come down to 归根结底，可归结为
写作句总结
Whatever the level of available data, decisions ultimately come down to the verdict of a jury of experts.
结构：Whatever the level of available data, decisions ultimately come down to ….
无论可用数据的水平如何，最终的决定都取决于…
例句：Whatever the level of available data, decisions ultimately come down to the judgment of the experts.
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